动词
2020-12-06 15:21 AtmosphereMao
动词
动词
动词的分类
行为动词
- 及物动词 (直接+
宾语
,可以被动) - 不及物动词 (不可直接+
宾语
,可以不加宾语作主谓结构
,如需加宾语则在动词后加相应介词
。)
用被动
判断是及物还是不及物。
系动词
-
be动词
- am, is, are
- was, were
-
关于
变化
的系动词- become(变成)
- 用法:指
从一个状态向另一个状态的变化
- 用法:指
- turn(变成)
- 用法:turn通常与
颜色
或情绪
相关的形容词作表语
- 用法:turn通常与
- go(转变成)
- 用法:go主要指一种
由强到弱
或由好到坏
的变化
- 用法:go主要指一种
- grow(变成)
- 用法:常指
逐渐地变成新状态
,强调渐变
的过程
- 用法:常指
- become(变成)
-
感官动词
- look 看起来
- sound 听起来
- smell 闻起来
- taste 尝起来
- feel 摸起来
- 用法:
- 无被动
- 无进行
- 后 + adj
-
"似乎,好像"系动词
- seem = appear
- 用法:seem之后跟不定式短语作表语
- seem = appear
-
"保持"系动词
- keep, stay, remain
助动词
置于动词前
,使动词能表现出时态、语态、否定句、疑问句
等变化。
- be 类:
- am, is, are, was, were
- have 类:
- has, had, have
- do 类:
- do, does, did
- 情态动词
情态动词
will(would) / shall(should) / can(could) / may(might) / must(must) / have to(不得不) / need / dare(敢) / ought to(应该)
情态动词使用两规则:
- 无人称和数的变化(情态动词无论如何都不发生改变)
- 情态动词 + 动词原形 (情态动词不能独立使用,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语)
情态动词 + 动词原形
-
will(would)
- "将,将要",表达
将来或意愿
- I
will
go shopping tomorrow.
- I
- 补充:
- would rather (=had rather) "宁愿"
- would rather + do sth. "宁愿做某事"
- would rather + do ..①.. than do ..②.. "宁愿做①也不愿意做②"
- "将,将要",表达
-
should(shall)
- "应当",表达
义务或责任
= ought to
- "应当",表达
-
can(could)
- "能,能够",常常表示
一种能力
= be able to
- "能,能够",常常表示
-
may(might)
- 常表
许可或可能性
,"可以" "可能" 之意
- 常表
-
must(must)
- "必须",通常表示
强制
- 补充:
must
和have to(不得不)
- You
must love
your country.(强制的必须) - You
have to love
your country.(有勉强意味)
- You
- 否定形式含义:
- mustn't 绝对不可以,禁止
- don't have to 不必,不需要
- "必须",通常表示
-
need
- "需要",既可作
实义动词
,也可作情态助动词
- 实义动词用法:
- 常用肯定句型:need to do sth; need sth.
- He needs to go home.
- He doesn't need to go home.
- 情态助动词用法:
- 常用于否定句型:needn't do sth.
- 对现在的推测:
- must be... 一定...
- may/may not be... 或许,也许...
- can't/couldn't be... 一定不,一定没有...
- "需要",既可作
情态动词表对过去的推测用法
-
may/might have done. 过去可能已经做了某事
-
must have done. 过去肯定做了某事(不用于否定结构)
-
could have done. 过去本能做但未做
-
can't/ couldn't have done. 过去不可能做过某事
-
should have done. 过去本应该做却未做
-
shouldn't have done. 过去本不需要做却做
-
ought to have done. 过去本应该做的
-
oughtn't to have done. 过去本不需要做却做
-
needn't have done. 过去本没必要做却做了
靠考动词搭配
-
turn
动词搭配:- turn down 调小音量;拒绝
- turn up 调高音量;出现
- turn on 打开设备
- turn off 关闭设备
- turn into 变成,转变成
- turn in 上交,交出
- turn out 结果是;制作,生产
- turn over 翻转;移交;仔细考虑
- turn to 变成;求助于(+ sb. for help)
- turn from 对...厌恶;脱离
-
put
动词搭配:- put aside 储存,留用(金钱或时间)
- put away 把...收拾起来放好
- put down 记下,放下
- put forward 提出
- put off 推迟
- put on 穿上,戴上;上演
- put out 熄灭
- put up 提出;建造
- put up with 容忍,忍受 (come up with 提出,想出/catch up with 追上,赶上/keep up with 与...并驾齐驱)
-
set
动词搭配:- set up 创立,建立 (make up 组成,弥补,化妆 / take up 占据,开始从事 / get up 起床)
- set about 开始着手
- set aside 把...搁置一旁,留出
- set down 放下,记下
- set free 释放(某人)
- set off 出发,启程
- set out 动身,启程,开始
- set back 推迟,延缓
-
break
动词搭配- break up 打碎;(关系)破裂,分手,离婚
- break down 破坏;停止运转,出故障(机器)
- break in 打断谈话,插嘴
- break into 闯进;突然开始(笑,哭等)
- break out 爆发,侵袭(灾难/疾病等)
- break through 突破进展
- break off 停顿;结束;脱落
- break away 离开;背叛
-
call
动词搭配- call in 召集;收回
- call off 取消;叫走
- call on 拜访;号召;要求
- call up 使想起;征召服役
- call for 要求,需要
动词词义辨析
近义词词义辨析
-
影响
-
affect (v.) 影响
- 直接影响
-
effect (n.) 影响
- have ... effct on ... 对...有影响
-
influence (n./v.) 影响
- 对性格品质等产生潜移默化(缓慢)的影响
-
impact (n./v.) 影响
- 冲击性的影响
-
-
花费
-
spend
- 主语:人
- 宾语:时间/金钱
- 句型:sb spend 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth./on sth.
-
take(花时间)
- 主语:It/物
- 宾语:时间
- 句型:It takes sb + 时间 + ...
-
cost(丧失/消极方面)
- 主语:物
- 宾语:金钱/时间
- 句型:sth cost sb + 金钱/sth cost one's life 使某人丧命
-
pay(支付)
- 主语:人
- 宾语:金钱
- 句型:sb pay + 金钱 + for sth
-
形近词词义辨析
-
rise, arise, raise, arouse
-
rise (vi.) (数量或水平的)增加;上升,升起
- rise - rose - risen
-
arise (vi.) (希望、困难、讨论、问题等)产生,出现
- 考点:hope(希望产生) / difficulty(困难产生) / dicussion(讨论产生) / problem(问题出现) arise
- arise - arose - arisen
-
raise (vt.) 举起;增加,提高(数量,水平)
- raise - raised - raised
-
arouse (vt.) 激起,引起(感情、态度)
- arouse - aroused - aroused
-
-
clash, crash, flash, crush
- clash 冲突,打斗
- crash (车)碰撞,(飞机)坠毁
- flash 闪光,闪现
- crush 粉碎,压扁
-
confirm, conform, confine, inform
- confirm (提供证据)证实,证明,确认
- conform 顺从,顺应;遵守,服从(法律等)
- confine 限定,限额
- inform 通知,告知
- inform sb of sth 通知/告知某人某事
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